We will discuss all this things in detail later. Right know our goal is to form complete sentences as soon as possible, that's why in the following sentences appear constructions we have not already seen, but the didactical motivated construction allows us to understand more or less the Portuguese construction. We discuss some grammar structures that appear in the following sentences. Right now there is no need to understand that in detail.
1) The adjective agrees in gender and number with the noun it refers to.
a flor vermelha
as flores vermelhas
the red flower
the red flowers
o carro azul
os carros azuis
the blue car
the blue cars
2) The comparative (good => well => best) is formed in Portuguese in general with more (better => ~more good) and the thing it is compared with is added with do que. The optional do doesn't have any semantic value.
Ele corre rapido.
He runs fast.
Ele corre mais rapido do que ela.
He runs more fast than she.
He runs faster than her.
3) A relative clause (The man who crosses the street) is added with (do) que, wherin the do is optional.
Eu
conheço
a
mulher
que
cruza
a
rua.
I
know
the
woman
who
crosses
the
street.
We dont care about the relative pronoun right now. We will discuss this issue in chapter 10.1.
4) Double negation is not positive in roman languages. The meaning of "Ele não faz nada" is "She doesn't do anything".
5) Another tip. The third person plural present is normaly -am if the infinitive of the verbs ends in -ar or -em, if the infinitive of the verbs ends in -er. However the most frequent verbs, the most used verbs, are in general, in all languages, irregular. The verb to be for instance, together with to have the most important verb in any language, forms the third person plural with ão. This is a little bit confusing, because normally the future has this ending. Below a list of three irregular verbs. (Both estar and ser are to be translated with to be, but this is another issue we don't care right no. Estar is used for transitional states, "He is nervous", ser is used for inherent properties, "He is intelligent".)
to be
ser
eles / elas / vocês são
to be
estar
eles / elas / vocês estão
to give
dar
eles / elas / vocês dão
6) Before a possessive pronoun / adjective a definite article is optional.
7) In one sentence appears a conjunctive, see 12.We don't care about right now.